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Postgres supports asynchronous notification via the LISTEN and NOTIFY commands. A backend registers its interest in a particular semaphore with the LISTEN command. All backends that are listening on a particular named semaphore will be notified asynchronously when a NOTIFY of that name is executed by another backend. No additional information is passed from the notifier to the listener. Thus, typically, any actual data that needs to be communicated is transferred through the relation.
Note: In the past, the documentation has associated the names used for asyncronous notification with relations or classes. However, there is in fact no direct linkage of the two concepts in the implementation, and the named semaphore in fact does not need to have a corresponding relation previously defined.
libpq++ applications are notified whenever a connected backend has received an asynchronous notification. However, the communication from the backend to the frontend is not asynchronous. The libpq++ application must poll the backend to see if there is any pending notification information. After the execution of a query, a frontend may call PgDatabase::Notifies to see if any notification data is currently available from the backend. PgDatabase::Notifies returns the notification from a list of unhandled notifications from the backend. The function eturns NULL if there is no pending notifications from the backend. PgDatabase::Notifies behaves like the popping of a stack. Once a notification is returned from PgDatabase::Notifies, it is considered handled and will be removed from the list of notifications.
PgDatabase::Notifies retrieves pending notifications from the server.
PGnotify* PgDatabase::Notifies()
The second sample program gives an example of the use of asynchronous notification.